Beck suggested that “negative automatic thoughts, generated by dysfunctional beliefs, were the cause of depressive symptoms, and not vice versa.” 4 According to Beck, maladaptive self-schema, or dysfunctional mental, emotional, bodily, and attitudinal patterns developed in early life, affect a person at core levels, and dysfunctional patterns can become triggered due to adverse life events, leading to negative thoughts. Aaron Beck’s work on the cognitive theory of depression first emphasized the key role of negative thoughts on depression. After a person experiences a stressful event, the way that a person processes information may lead to the development of automatic negative thoughts. 1 Automatic thoughts are “predominantly automatic… involuntary and hard to inhibit.” 2 They are reflexive and often evade conscious control or scrutiny. Negative automatic thoughts are underpinned by core beliefs, which influence how clients process information and organise their understanding of their experiences.According to the cognitive model of therapy, automatic negative thoughts are self-statements influenced by negative underlying core beliefs and include negative thoughts about oneself, perceived threats from others, and the future.
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